New Delhi: Cataracts are commonly associated with age and are the foremost source of blindness globally. While a genetic tendency and age likely remain in the broad category of the onset risk factors, the role of pollution as an external asset in increasing the speed of cataract growth is gaining relevance. More recent studies are indicating that the increasing rates of pollution over the years is a cause for the rapid increase of early onset cataracts which is a problem that requires urgent attention and focus. Dr Neeraj Sanduja, MBBS, MS, ophthalmologist, and eye surgeon at Viaan Eye and Retina Centre, shared his insights on the same.
Understanding cataracts
Cataracts are caused when the lens of the eye which is naturally clear, gets opaque which ultimately results in getting distorted images. The majority of cataracts occur in people aged 60 and above, but recently, more and more young individuals have begun to get this disease. The age group has shifted and raised eyebrows for many resulting in the research of several external factors such as pollution, exposure to work done with UV radiation, and the use of toxic products.
The Pollution-Cataract Connection
Particulate Matter (PM): One of the elements that have disrupted the balance of tissues in the eye are PM2.5 and PM10’s fine particulates. Studies have shown the harmful link of these pollutants to oxidative stress which in turn dilates blood vessels, intensifies the heart rate, caused by agitations and inflammation, and as a result accelerates the aging of the eye lens. Chronic exposure to high levels of PM has been proven to aggravate the clouding of the lens thereby increasing the risk of developing cataracts.
Ultraviolet Radiation (UV): UV exposure is worsened by pollution on two fronts. Firstly, the particulate matter contained in the polluted air reflects and refracts the UV rays thereby increasing their impact on the eyes. Secondly, the pollutants responsible for global warming such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) lead to the thinning ozone layer which depletes our natural defense against harmful UV rays. Long-term exposure to UV rays has been linked to increased chances of cataract development.
Toxic Chemicals: Nitric coarser toxins, sulfur; drazi are lead ii oxide, hydrogen toxins, and carbon dioxide are all airborne gases, which according to experts can cause damage and irritation to ocular tissues. These elements are responsible for oxidative stress and inflammation and are consequences that hasten the clouding of the lens.
Urbanisation and Lifestyle Factors
As countries become economically stronger, there is an increase in pollution levels courtesy urbanisation and industrialisation, even developing nations are not spared. Living in Urban centers places one at a higher risk of suffering from cataracts as there is constant exposure to vehicle fuel emissions, industrial pollution, and dust from building sites. Furthermore, the sedentary nature of one’s daily activities including fixed periods before screens coupled with the outdoors or in a room exposes one to think that they are safe from UV rays which is not the case.
Prevention and Awareness
If not alarming, the effect of pollution and factors that can contribute to adverse effects on an individual’s eyes should be of great concern. However that should not discourage you, there are several ways to protect your eyes from such effects:
Wear Protective Eyewear: Investing in sunglasses that are UV-blocking can prove to be a solution for people who are exposed to sunlight for prolonged periods.
Protect the Eyes: Rinse the eyes out and do not rub them to prevent irritation and minimise exposure to dirt.
Follow-up on Eye Health Issues: Detecting cataracts at an early stage can prevent more serious eye problems.
Improve Outer Environment: Deregulate and incorporate measures like outdoor plants and portable air filter machinery to reduce indoor toxins.
Policy-Level Interventions
Governments and organisations have a public health responsibility to combat pollution. This public health challenge is hard-hitting due to inadequate industrial emission policies, pollution and eye health nexus campaigns, and clean energy initiatives.
The frequent appearance of early cataracts suggests that the manifestation of the pollution phenomenon should be dealt with as a global concern. Embracing preventive strategies and lobbying for cleaner and safer environments will not only guarantee good eyesight to the present generation but also ensure the well-being of the future generations.
Cataracts are caused when the lens of the eye which is naturally clear, gets opaque which ultimately results in getting distorted images. The majority of cataracts occur in people aged 60 and above, but recently, more and more young individuals have begun to get this disease. Health News Health News: Latest News from Health Care, Mental Health, Weight Loss, Disease, Nutrition, Healthcare
