New Delhi: STI stands for Sexually Transmitted Infections whereas STD stands for sexually transmitted diseases. STIs are infections caused by bacteria, parasites, or viruses transmitted through sexual contact. Unlike diseases, infections are often curable and can go away with proper treatment. Common examples include bacterial vaginosis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis. Dr Seema Jain – Senior Director – Obstetrics and Gynaecology – Max Super Speciality Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, in an interaction with News9Live, explained the difference between STIs and STDs.
STDs refer to conditions that arise when STIs progress and begin to cause symptoms or complications. They are typically chronic, meaning they can be ongoing or lifelong. Examples of STDs include hepatitis, herpes, HIV, and certain strains of HPV.
Symptoms
Symptoms of STI include:
- Burning, itching, or discharge in the genital area
- Sores or bumps in or near the genital area
- Rectal bleeding
Symptoms of STD include:
- Pain during sexual activity or urination
- Irregular and painful periods
- Fever
- Recurring pain
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Lumps or swelling
Causes of STIs
STIs develop when various bacteria, parasites, or viruses infect the body. These microorganisms are transmitted through bodily fluids such as blood, urine, semen, or saliva during sexual activities (vaginal, oral, anal, or other forms of sexual contact). STDs develop when an untreated STI advances, allowing pathogens to multiply and disrupt normal bodily functions. While all STDs begin as STIs, not all STIs progress into diseases.
Diagnosis and Treatment
STIs are diagnosed through blood tests, urine tests, oral swabs, genital or rectal swabs, or physical examinations. Once detected, STIs are treated with antibiotics or antivirals, depending on the type of infection. Regular screenings are crucial for detecting sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) early. Early detection allows for timely treatment, which can prevent the progression of the infection into more serious conditions, including sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
Prevention
- Abstinence from sexual activity is the most effective prevention.
- Vaccines are available for certain infections, such as Hepatitis B and HPV.
- Consistent and correct use of condoms during sexual activity significantly reduces the risk.
- Limiting the number of sexual partners decreases exposure risk.
- Avoiding alcohol and drugs helps maintain sound judgment and reduces risky behaviors.
- Refraining from sexual activity if there is suspicion of an STI prevents transmission
Key Difference
STIs are infections that can be resolved with treatment, while STDs involve more severe complications and chronic conditions resulting from untreated infections. Despite these differences, there isn’t a clear separation between the two terms, as they are often used interchangeably.
Conclusion
STIs and STDs are closely related, with STIs being the initial stage of infection and STDs representing advanced complications. Early detection and treatment are critical to preventing the progression from infection to disease. Practicing safe sex, getting vaccinated, and undergoing regular screenings are essential for maintaining sexual health and reducing the risk of transmission. Individuals can take proactive steps toward better health and informed decision-making by understanding these distinctions.
STIs are infections that can be resolved with treatment, while STDs involve more severe complications and chronic conditions resulting from untreated infections. Despite these differences, there isn’t a clear separation between the two terms, as they are often used interchangeably. Health Conditions Health News: Latest News from Health Care, Mental Health, Weight Loss, Disease, Nutrition, Healthcare
