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Stomach acid necessary or not? Know what happens when you have too little of it

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Stomach acid necessary or not? Know what happens when you have too little of it

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Stomach acid necessary or not? Know what happens when you have too little of it

New Delhi: When people think of stomach acid, they often associate it with acid reflux or heartburn. However, having too little stomach acid—hypochlorhydria—can be just as problematic. Stomach acid (hydrochloric acid or HCl) is crucial for digestion, nutrient absorption, and protecting against harmful bacteria. Low levels can lead to digestive issues, malnutrition, and gut imbalances.

In an interaction with News9Live, Dr Bhuvan Shetty, Consultant Medical Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist, Gleneagles BGS Hospital, Kengeri, Bengaluru, explained the role of stomach acids.

The Role of Stomach Acid

Stomach acid helps break down food, activate digestive enzymes, and absorb essential minerals like iron, calcium, and magnesium. It also serves as a defense against bacteria entering through food. Without sufficient acid, digestion slows down, leading to bloating, indigestion, and malabsorption of nutrients.

Symptoms of Low Stomach Acid

Many symptoms of hypochlorhydria mimic those of excess acid, making diagnosis tricky. Key signs include:

  1. Bloating, indigestion, or feeling full quickly
  2. Acid reflux (ironically, low acid can trigger reflux by slowing digestion)
  3. Frequent burping or nausea after meals
  4. Undigested food in stools
  5. Nutrient deficiencies (iron, B12, calcium, and magnesium)
  6. Increased risk of gut infections like SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth)

Common Causes of Low Stomach Acid

Several factors can contribute to hypochlorhydria, including:

  1. Aging: Stomach acid production declines naturally over time.
  2. Chronic Stress: Prolonged stress inhibits acid secretion.
  3. Poor Diet: Highly processed foods and low protein intake weaken digestion.
  4. Overuse of Antacids & PPIs: Long-term use of acid-reducing medications can suppress stomach acid.
  5. H. pylori Infection: This bacteria disrupts stomach acid balance.
  6. Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions like autoimmune gastritis can damage acid-producing cells.

Health Risks of Low Stomach Acid

Low stomach acid can lead to serious health complications, including:

  1. Nutrient Deficiencies: Poor absorption of iron, calcium, and B12 can cause anemia, osteoporosis, and neurological problems.
  2. Gut Infections: Insufficient acid allows harmful bacteria to thrive, increasing risks of SIBO and foodborne illnesses.
  3. Digestive Disorders: Poor breakdown of food may contribute to IBS, acid reflux, and leaky gut syndrome.

How to Improve Stomach Acid Naturally

If you suspect low stomach acid, consult a gastroenterologist. Some natural ways to support acid production include:

  1. Eat Mindfully: Chew food thoroughly and avoid distractions while eating.
  2. Increase Protein Intake: Proteins stimulate acid production and enzyme activity.
  3. Incorporate Digestive Bitters: Apple cider vinegar, lemon water, or bitter greens may help.
  4. Limit Processed Foods & Sugar: A diet rich in whole foods supports digestion.
  5. Manage Stress: Yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can aid digestion.
  6. Consider Supplements: Betaine HCl (under medical supervision) may help.
  7. Evaluate Medications: Long-term use of antacids or PPIs should be reviewed by a doctor.

When to Seek Medical Help

If you experience persistent bloating, malabsorption, acid reflux, or gut infections, seek medical evaluation. Diagnosis may involve a stomach acid test (Heidelberg test) or a simple baking soda test.

Conclusion

While acid reflux is common, too little stomach acid can be equally harmful. It can cause poor digestion, nutrient deficiencies, and gut imbalances. Identifying symptoms early and making dietary and lifestyle adjustments can help restore digestive health. If symptoms persist, a gastroenterologist can guide the best course of action.
By maintaining a balanced diet, practicing mindful eating, and addressing underlying causes, you can support optimal stomach acid levels and overall well-being.

 Stomach acids are responsible for breaking food down thereby supporting digestion. Here’s what you need to know about their role.  Health Conditions Health News: Latest News from Health Care, Mental Health, Weight Loss, Disease, Nutrition, Healthcare

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