New Delhi: Many people use the terms ‘headache’ and ‘migraine’ interchangeably without realizing that the two are quite different in nature, intensity, and impact. While both involve pain in the head, migraines are a more complex neurological condition that often comes with a wide range of symptoms beyond just head pain. Understanding this difference is important for correct treatment and improving the quality of life for those who suffer from recurring episodes.
Headaches are usually classified as either tension, cluster, or sinus-related. They are generally less severe and may be caused by stress, dehydration, lack of sleep, or eye strain. Most people will experience a mild to moderate headache at some point in their lives, and it typically resolves with rest, hydration, or over-the-counter medication. Migraines, on the other hand, are more than just a bad headache. They are often accompanied by symptoms like nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, sensitivity to light or sound, and in some cases, even temporary loss of speech or numbness.
Dr. Nandini Mitta, Consultant – Neurologist from SPARSH Hospital, Yelahanka, Bangalore, explains, “A migraine is a neurological disorder with very specific patterns and triggers. Patients often report an aura, which is a set of warning signs like seeing flashing lights or blind spots before the pain begins. Unlike a common headache, migraines can last for hours or even days and may require prescription medication to bring relief. The pain is usually throbbing and affects one side of the head, but it can also shift sides during an attack. Identifying and managing personal triggers, such as hormonal changes, certain foods, or even weather changes, plays a key role in preventing migraines.”
Understanding the symptoms can also help differentiate the two. A regular headache may cause dull pressure or a band-like sensation across the forehead. It is generally manageable and does not interfere significantly with daily activities. Migraines, however, can be so debilitating that they force individuals to lie down in a dark, quiet room until the episode subsides. The recurring nature of migraines, combined with the intensity of the symptoms, often leads to anxiety and disruption in work or personal life.
Dr. Rajul Aggarwal, Director Neurology, Sri Balaji Action Medical Institute, Delhi, adds, “We see many patients who dismiss their migraines as just another headache. This delay in seeking proper treatment often leads to worsening of the condition. Migraines can also coexist with tension-type headaches, making diagnosis more complex. One key feature of migraines is the impact on quality of life. It is not uncommon for patients to miss work, avoid social activities or even experience mental health concerns like anxiety or depression due to the unpredictability and severity of migraine attacks.”
Recent studies also suggest that migraine is among the top causes of disability all over the world, especially in people between the ages of 15 and 49. Women are more likely to suffer from migraines than men, often due to hormonal fluctuations during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause. Despite its prevalence, migraine remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in many parts of the world, including India.
According to Dr. Animesh Gupta, Senior Consultant, Neurology, Apollo Spectra Hospital, Kanpur, “There are now better ways to treat migraines, including preventive therapies, lifestyle adjustments, and newer medications like CGRP inhibitors. But the first step is always awareness. If a patient experiences frequent headaches that are severe, last for hours, or are accompanied by nausea or sensitivity to light, they should not take them lightly. Self-medicating or ignoring the symptoms can lead to chronic migraine, where the condition becomes more frequent and harder to treat.”
Experts emphasise the importance of keeping a headache diary to track patterns, triggers, and frequency. This can greatly aid in diagnosis and selecting the right treatment plan. With increased awareness and early intervention, migraine sufferers can regain control of their lives and reduce the frequency and severity of their attacks.
While headaches are a common nuisance, migraines are a serious medical condition that deserves attention and care. The key is to recognize the signs early and seek guidance to manage symptoms effectively and improve long-term well-being.
Experts emphasise the importance of keeping a headache diary to track patterns, triggers, and frequency. This can greatly aid in diagnosis and selecting the right treatment plan. With increased awareness and early intervention, migraine sufferers can regain control of their lives and reduce the frequency and severity of their attacks. Health Conditions Health News: Latest News from Health Care, Mental Health, Weight Loss, Disease, Nutrition, Healthcare
