New Delhi: Military satellites are artificial satellites specifically designed for military applications, including intelligence gathering, navigation, and military communications. These satellites have played a crucial role in modern warfare, providing essential military capabilities worldwide.
The first military satellites were used for photographic reconnaissance missions, allowing for strategic intelligence gathering from space. While there were initial attempts to develop satellite-based weapons, international treaties banning the deployment of weapons of mass destruction in orbit halted this work in 1967.
Advancements in military technology have propelled the use of satellites in modern warfare. From the rapid development of aeroplanes, tanks, and radar in the 20th century to the current era, space has emerged as the final frontier of the battlefield. This has been particularly evident since the Cold War, with various countries recognising the strategic importance of space-based assets for military operations.
Today, military satellites are widely utilised for communication and intelligence purposes. They provide essential support for military operations, offering secure and reliable channels for transmitting sensitive information and enabling global positioning and navigation capabilities for military forces.
The United States leads in the number of military satellites, with 247 in orbit, showcasing its significant investment in space-based military capabilities. China follows closely with 157 military satellites, reflecting its growing presence in space-based operations. Russia ranks third with 110 military satellites, underscoring its continued focus on space-based military technology.
List of top 10 countries with the most military satellites
Rank
Country
Number Of Military Satellites
1
United States
247
2
China
157
3
Russia
110
4
France
17
5
Israel
12
6
Italy
10
7
India
9
8
Germany
8
9
United Kingdom
6
10
Spain
4
Source: World Atlas
United States
The United States has a strong military presence in space, dating back to the 1950s. The majority of its military satellites are used for gathering intelligence on locations like military bases and missile silos. The full capabilities of its classified satellite programmes remain unknown.
China
China has significantly increased its presence in space in the last two decades, with over 400 satellites launched in the past two years. These satellites are officially for commercial use, but there are doubts about their true purpose. China now has enhanced abilities to gather intelligence on its rivals.
Russia
Russia’s satellite programme began during the Cold War. In 2024, the United States accused Russia of launching a satellite capable of attacking and inspecting other satellites, which Russia denied.
France
France has a relatively robust space programme. Its satellites are used for communication and intelligence gathering, and the French Space Command ensures smooth communication between its military branches.
Israel
Israel’s small fleet of military satellites is used for gathering information on rival military positions due to its challenging relationships with neighbouring countries.
Italy
Italy recently established the Italian Space Operations Command, which collaborates with the Italian Navy and Air Force to provide essential information for missions and operations.
India
India’s national space programme expanded to military purposes with the formation of the Defence Space Agency in 2018. In 2019, India also initiated tests for its ASAT programme.
Germany
Germany uses its military satellites for informational purposes, primarily relying on the SAR-Lupe satellite for high-resolution photos from orbit.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom has been using military satellites since the 1960s. Skynet, a family of military communication satellites, offers near-global coverage and closely collaborates with the Five Eyes network.
Spain
Spain is strengthening its military presence in space by launching satellites, such as Spainsat and Spainsat NG 1. The programme will continue until 2040, and more satellite launches are planned.
Today, military satellites play a significant role in taking pictures of various military installations worldwide. These images help monitor troop movements and facilitate international cooperation. knowledge Knowledge News, Photos and Videos on General Knowledge
