New Delhi: Ovarian cancer is recognised as the second most common gynecologic cancer among Indian women, following cervical cancer. It stands as the deadliest among gynecologic cancers, with 80% of women diagnosed at an advanced stage. It often evades early detection due to the absence of noticeable symptoms in its initial stages. Symptoms like bloating, loss of appetite, abdominal swelling, persistent changes in bowel habits and urination, abdominal pain, and menstrual irregularities are commonly misattributed to other conditions, complicating timely diagnosis.
In an interaction with News9Live, Dr. Upasana Palo, Associate Consultant – Gynaecologic Oncology, Narayana Hospital-RN Tagore Hospital, answered all FAQs about ovarian cancer, its causes, symptoms, risk factors and treatment.
Risk Factors
Women over 50 or post-menopausal face the highest risk of developing ovarian cancer. While it primarily affects older women, younger women, particularly those with a family history of cancer, are also susceptible. Various types of ovarian cancer, such as those originating from germ or stromal cells, can affect younger women and teenagers.
Genetic Predisposition
Certain ovarian cancers are familial, with studies indicating that 20-25% of Indian women with ovarian cancer may have inherited the condition. Genetic testing is now available and recommended for all women with ovarian cancer and those with a family history, to identify these genetic risks.
Treatment and Prognosis
Despite its severity, advanced ovarian cancer is treatable. Surgery is the cornerstone of treatment, involving an extensive procedure to remove not just the ovaries and uterus but also other abdominal parts potentially harboring cancer cells. Most patients also require chemotherapy, and modern targeted therapies further reduce recurrence risks.
Improving Cure Chances
The quality of surgery significantly influences survival rates. Effective surgery aims to eradicate all visible cancer from the abdomen, maximizing the chances of a cure.
Prevention Measures
Women at high genetic risk can opt for preventive ovary removal via a minimally invasive keyhole surgery. Regular health checkups and awareness are crucial, as effective preventive measures for ovarian cancer are limited.
Understanding Gynecologic Cancers
Gynecologic cancers encompass cervical, ovarian, uterine, vulval, vaginal cancers, and rare types like sarcomas and choriocarcinoma.
Role of Gynecologic Oncologists
Gynecologic oncologists specialise in diagnosing and managing cancerous and potentially cancerous conditions of the female reproductive system, offering an integrated approach to treatment.
Prevalence and Risk Factors
Gynecologic cancers are among the most prevalent cancers, with breast, cervical, and ovarian cancers being the top three in Indian women. Risk factors vary, with age and HPV infection being significant contributors. Genetic predisposition also plays a role in ovarian and breast cancers.
Symptoms and When to Seek Help
Symptoms like irregular bleeding, post-menopausal bleeding, abnormal discharge, abdominal distension, and appetite loss warrant immediate consultation with a gynecologic oncologist. Early detection and radical surgery improve outcomes.
Advanced Treatment Options
Gynecologic oncologists employ advanced techniques, including ultraradical surgeries, minimally invasive procedures with laparoscopy or robotics, and HIPEC. These methods enhance recovery and reduce complications, often allowing patients to return home shortly after surgery.
Preventive Strategies
HPV vaccination significantly reduces cervical cancer risk. Regular cervical smears and HPV DNA testing facilitate early detection. Genetic testing helps identify high-risk individuals, who can then consider preventive surgeries. A healthy lifestyle and regular checkups remain vital for early detection and prevention of gynecologic cancers
Women over 50 or post-menopausal face the highest risk of developing ovarian cancer. While it primarily affects older women, younger women, particularly those with a family history of cancer, are also susceptible. Various types of ovarian cancer, such as those originating from germ or stromal cells, can affect younger women and teenagers. Health News Health News: Latest News from Health Care, Mental Health, Weight Loss, Disease, Nutrition, Healthcare
