New Delhi: Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of mortality in India. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has emerged as a mainstay treatment for CAD, but achieving optimal outcomes requires precise diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, intracoronary imaging (ICI) has revolutionized the field of interventional cardiology, offering invaluable insights into coronary artery anatomy and pathology. While its adoption in India is still evolving, its potential to improve patient outcomes is immense.
Intracoronary Imaging Techniques
Two primary ICI modalities have gained prominence: Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). IVUS provides a cross-sectional image of the coronary artery, allowing for accurate assessment of vessel dimensions, plaque composition, and stent deployment. OCT offers a higher resolution image, enabling visualization of individual cellular structures and precise characterization of plaque morphology.
The Role of Imaging in PCI
ICI plays a crucial role at various stages of PCI. During lesion assessment, it helps identify complex coronary anatomy, quantify plaque burden, and determine the optimal treatment strategy. Intraprocedurally, ICI guides stent selection, placement, and optimization, ensuring adequate expansion and apposition. Moreover, it aids in the detection of complications like stent malposition, thrombus, and dissection, allowing for immediate corrective measures.
Challenges and Opportunities in India
Despite its potential benefits, the widespread adoption of ICI in India faces several challenges. Limited availability, high costs, and the need for specialized expertise are significant barriers. However, the increasing prevalence of complex coronary lesions and the growing emphasis on quality outcomes are driving the demand for ICI. Several initiatives are underway to promote the use of ICI in India. Academic institutions and industry collaborations are focused on training interventional cardiologists in ICI techniques. Additionally, efforts are being made to make ICI more accessible and affordable through technological advancements and cost-effective solutions.
Future Directions
The future of ICI in India is promising. As technology continues to evolve, we can expect smaller, more user-friendly imaging systems. Integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning has the potential to enhance image interpretation and decision-making. Moreover, the development of cost-effective imaging modalities will expand access to this valuable tool.
In conclusion, ICI is poised to transform the landscape of coronary intervention in India. By overcoming existing challenges and embracing technological advancements, we can optimize patient outcomes and establish India as a global leader in interventional cardiology.
(The writer is Senior Director, Interventional Cardiology, Fortis Hospital, Cunningham Road, Bengaluru)
Several initiatives are underway to promote the use of ICI in India. Academic institutions and industry collaborations are focused on training interventional cardiologists in ICI techniques. Health Conditions Health News: Latest News from Health Care, Mental Health, Weight Loss, Disease, Nutrition, Healthcare
