New Delhi: A concerning rise in encephalitis (brain swelling) cases among children has emerged as a significant health issue, particularly in Maharashtra, where many cases have been reported in children. This potentially life-threatening condition can lead to severe neurological complications, developmental delays, and, in some instances, death if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Dr. Sanju Sidaraddi, Consultant – Pediatrician and Neonatologist, Motherhood Hospitals, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, answered all FAQs about the condition.
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain, most often triggered by viral infections such as herpes simplex, measles, or the Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus. In rarer cases, it can also be caused by bacterial or fungal infections, and even autoimmune responses. Due to their developing immune systems, children are especially vulnerable to this condition.
Recognising the Early Signs
Early identification of encephalitis is crucial for effective treatment and improved outcomes. Parents should watch for key symptoms such as:
- High fever
- Vomiting
- Confusion or altered behavior
- Seizures
- Severe headaches
- Sensitivity to light
- Drowsiness or lethargy
- Loss of consciousness
- In young children, additional signs may include:
- Excessive crying and irritability
- Poor feeding
- Neck stiffness
- Skin rash
- Changes in alertness and speech
- Bulging of the fontanelle (soft spot on the head)
Diagnosis typically involves testing cerebrospinal fluid and conducting MRI scans of the brain.
Importance of Timely Medical Care
“Timely intervention can be life-saving,” says Dr. Sanju Sidaraddi of MH, Kharghar. “Children who receive early treatment have a much better chance of recovery. Delays can result in permanent neurological damage, learning difficulties, and even fatality.”
Treatment generally involves hospital care with antiviral medications, intravenous fluids, and in severe cases, intensive care support.
Prevention: Vaccination and Vector Control
Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent encephalitis, particularly Japanese Encephalitis. “JE is a vaccine-preventable disease,” Dr. Sidaraddi emphasizes. “Parents must ensure their children are vaccinated according to the recommended schedule. The JE vaccine is usually given in two doses. In addition to vaccination, mosquito control is vital, especially during the monsoon season when mosquito populations surge. Preventive measures include:
Using mosquito nets and repellents
Maintaining hygiene
Avoiding crowded or unsanitary places
Raising Awareness:
Despite the availability of vaccines and treatment options, awareness remains low among many parents. Public health campaigns and education are needed to inform families about the importance of early diagnosis and prevention. “Parents must not ignore symptoms like high fever or sudden behavioral changes,” Dr. Sidaraddi warns. “Immediate medical attention can make all the difference.”
As encephalitis cases continue to rise, especially among young children, the focus must shift to preventive care, timely medical intervention, and community awareness to combat this silent but serious threat.
As encephalitis cases continue to rise, especially among young children, the focus must shift to preventive care, timely medical intervention, and community awareness to combat this silent but serious threat. Health Conditions Health News: Latest News from Health Care, Mental Health, Weight Loss, Disease, Nutrition, Healthcare
