New Delhi: Monsoons are here again and has brought along with it a drastic rise in the viral infections like chikungunya caused by the bite of the Aedes mosquito. BBMP has recorded a stunning 68% increase in the cases reported when compared to the statistics from last year. According to recent data, chikungunya cases in Karnataka have seen a steep increase, with the tally almost doubling in the past two months. In a concerning trend, our hospital has recorded more than 22 positive cases of Chikungunya, all confirmed through blood tests. This count only tells part of the story, as a substantial number of patients with chikungunya-like symptoms don’t test positive, indicating a potentially larger outbreak.
In an interaction with News9Live, Dr. Harshini A S, Consultant Rheumatologist & Clinical Immunologist, SPARSH Hospital, Yeswanthpur, explained the link between mosquito-borne conditions and arthritis.
The urban landscape of a city like Bangalore creates many stagnant waterbodies in construction sites and discarded containers during the monsoons. Poor waste management and clogged or inadequate drainage systems in this rapidly expanding city has only added to the increased breeding grounds for the mosquitoes. Increased humidity enhances mosquito activity and survival rates. All this leads to an increase in vector-borne viral infections.
The debilitating arthritis following these viral infections is a growing clinical concern. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) cause an activation of the immune system leading to inflammation in the joints, causing pain, swelling and stiffness. The most common joints which are affected are hands, ankles and knees.
The chronic phase of post-infection arthritis can greatly impact daily life, causing persistent pain and inflammation that reduces joint mobility and flexibility, leading to a decreased quality of life. While most joint symptoms resolve within weeks, some patients experience prolonged joint pain, persisting beyond the acute phase. Notably, between 4.1% and 78.6% of patients with CHIKV arthritis develop chronic symptoms that can last for several months, significantly extending their recovery period.
Treatment and management
Managing post-viral arthritis, especially in chikungunya requires a multi-faceted approach aimed at alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to control pain and inflammation. However, in view of the chronic nature of the chikungunya arthritis, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like Hydroxychloroquine & Methotrexate may be helpful in persistent cases.
Physical therapy is crucial for maintaining joint mobility and function. Tailored exercise programmes can help in managing stiffness and improving joint strength. Occupational therapy might also be beneficial for patients experiencing functional limitations due to arthritis. Orthotic devices or splints may be recommended to support and protect affected joints, reduce strain, and improve functional abilities. Patients with preexisting rheumatic conditions may need some adjustments in their medications or dosage. It is essential to consult a treating healthcare expert for personalized guidance to manage the condition effectively. Last but not least adapting physical activity and a healthy diet is essential as well.
Preventive Measures
To minimise the risk of Chikungunya infection and its debilitating effects on bone and joint health, take proactive steps:
Apply mosquito repellents to exposed skin
Wear protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts and pants
Eliminate standing water around your home by regularly emptying containers, cleaning gutters, and ensuring proper drainage to reduce mosquito breeding sites
Use mosquito nets for added protection
Arthritis following viral infections such as chikungunya represents a significant health challenge. Addressing these challenges through better understanding, prevention and management strategies is crucial for improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
The debilitating arthritis following these viral infections is a growing clinical concern. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) cause an activation of the immune system leading to inflammation in the joints, causing pain, swelling and stiffness. The most common joints which are affected are hands, ankles and knees. Health News Health News: Latest News from Health Care, Mental Health, Weight Loss, Disease, Nutrition, Healthcare
