New Delhi: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is a major public health issue in the world, and more so in developing nations like India. It happens when the body lacks the iron needed to make the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells known as haemoglobin. Symptoms, which can be debilitating, include fatigue, weakness, lightheadedness, and cognitive and motor functioning deficits, impacting overall health and quality of life. Early detection and treatment are key because IDA can lead to serious issues if not treated.
In an interview with News9Live, Dr. Onkar Swami, Senior Vice President- Medical Services, Alembic Pharmaceuticals Ltd, explained how anaemia could be the root cause of fatigue.
Prevalence of IDA in India
India has a high prevalence of anemia in women and children. Studies have shown that more than half of Indian women in the age group of 15-49 suffer from anemia, and that adolescent girls are the group with the highest prevalence rate-59%, pregnant women-52%, and children under five years of age-67%. Women and children have a particularly low intake of iron, which contributes to the situation. Implications are that iron deficiency accounts for 10–40% of the states of anemia in the country.
Causes of IDA
IDA can also have a variety of causes depending on the age group and lifestyle of the person affected. Dietary deficiency is the most common cause of IDA in individuals and communities, as the vast majority of daily foods consumed are poor in iron content. The need for iron is escalated in pregnancy, infancy, and adolescence, further increasing the susceptibility to deficiency, and thereby the need for supplementation in some cases. Certain diseases, such as coeliac disease, Crohn’s disease, and other disorders that interfere with iron absorption, also prevent the body from absorbing iron efficiently.
Chronic blood loss is another important cause of IDA, as in cases of heavy menstrual flow, ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract, gastritis, hemorrhoids, or internal bleeding, causes gradual depletion of iron, thereby inducing anemia. Individuals who frequently donate blood or have had major surgeries can be iron-deficient if they do not appropriately replenish their iron levels.
Symptoms of IDA
Fatigue or lack of energy is the hallmark symptom of IDA and is often the first sign people experience. However, many people may attribute this fatigue to other causes, such as stress, poor sleep, or overwork, leading to a delay in diagnosis. Other symptoms include pale or yellow skin, shortness of breath, or chest pain, especially with activity, unexplained generalized weakness, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, headache, sore or smooth tongue, brittle nails, or hair loss. Children may also have a reduced appetite.
In addition to these symptoms, IDA can also affect emotional and mental well-being. Iron plays a crucial role in brain function, particularly in the production of neurotransmitters or brain chemicals such as dopamine and serotonin, which regulate mood, motivation, and emotional balance. When iron levels are low, these chemical processes are altered, increasing the risk of mood swings, anxiety, and even depression. These psychological symptoms can significantly impact work performance as well as quality of life, yet they are often overlooked in the clinical assessment of anemia.
Preventing and Treating IDA
Iron deficiency anemia remains one of the most widespread yet manageable health concerns, and taking early steps can make a significant difference. With gradual improvements in diet that include iron-rich foods like lean meats, eggs, soybeans, tofu, dark green vegetables, peas, dried fruits, and iron-fortified products, many patients can restore their blood counts to normal levels. Vitamin C sources such as tomatoes, citrus fruits, and bell peppers can further enhance iron absorption. At the same time, cutting down on tea and coffee around meals becomes essential, as these beverages contain compounds that block the body’s ability to absorb iron efficiently.
When dietary adjustments are not enough and anemia persists, iron supplements should be introduced alongside meals to improve effectiveness. During pregnancy, oral iron is commonly given for several months to replenish stores and prevent further complications. For individuals who cannot tolerate oral forms or face conditions that impair absorption, intravenous iron therapy serves as a faster and more reliable alternative, especially when preparing for surgery or managing chronic conditions like dialysis.
Creating awareness around iron intake and making informed dietary choices can significantly reduce the burden of anemia in the population. Recognizing early signs such as fatigue, dizziness, or general weakness and seeking timely medical advice is key to managing the condition effectively. By combining proper nutrition with timely medical care, iron deficiency anemia can be addressed before it begins to affect one’s overall well-being and quality of life.
India has a high prevalence of anemia in women and children. Studies have shown that more than half of Indian women in the age group of 15-49 suffer from anemia, and that adolescent girls are the group with the highest prevalence rate-59%, pregnant women-52%, and children under five years of age-67%. Health News Health News: Latest News from Health Care, Mental Health, Weight Loss, Disease, Nutrition, Healthcare
